Succession Wars: Part 15: 1679-1717: Roman Emperess and Hegemon of the World Ana de Trastamara

I was really struggling with gov gap despite building Town Halls everywhere. Because I spam Town Halls everywhere, trade company and territory land should cost 1% of its dev, so it shouldn't cost any gov gap. But I forgot that recently conquered land before it's cored and has Town Halls built costs 25%, and that's hundreds of gov cap.

The solution to it was building State Houses in stated provinces, but EU4 macro builder display incorrect information about that, so I had to write another script to extract that data from save to tell me optimal places to build them.

My ally Japan decided to become my vassal by event, as my world domination was inevitable anyway. Soon after that I had to dissolve all my remaining alliances including with Poland and Korea, as world conquest was calling. I kept the Polish alliance until I owned 90% of the world. I could rush 100% with a few truce breaks, but the world was only ~80% Catholic at this point, and you can't truce break missionaries.

In 1687 there weren't enough independent nations to fill Great Powers list.

Once my truce with Poland expired, I had the last proper war to fight.

The last truly challenging war was Naples War of Independence in episode 3

After that it was just cleanup. I could even really easily truce break. -5 stability penalty gets reduced by 2 by diplomatic ideas, and by 1 by Machiavellianism Reign government reform (which I took for its +10 maximum absolutism), so it's just -2. And I'm flooded by pope mana from converting so many provinces and flat +21/year, so I could use just 80 for stab level. I also have huge stack of stability cost discounts (cost -112.5% total not counting OE, so it costs are at minimum cap).

I didn't really need it, as I would need to wait for one faith anyway, but I truce broke Poland once this campaign, when it was the last independent country in the world. It wasn't even anything cheesy, I was just at 0% OE, there were literally nothing else to do, and there was still 9 years of truce timer.

I got World Conquest in January 1699. Pope mana recovered to cap before 1699 was over. I even popped Golden Era at this point, even though I didn't really have any mana spending to do. By 1705 even rebels stopped bothering me, I had base unrest in true faith provinces stacked up to -27. That's also when the last uncolonized province disappeared from the map.

I had one province with Protestants and -25% missionary strength until 1714, which would delay my One Faith, but I had bonuses stacked so high I just brute forced that anyway.

I continued on speed 5, and in 1710, empress Ana was succeeded by emperor Basileios II de Trastamara. I'm a bit confused by this name, as I never had Basileios I. Remaining even pool was tiny, so I got Cultural Conflict again. It then took until March 1717 to One Faith the world.

Total World Conquest. In the old world I still have two pronoiar subjects that will inherit on their ruler's death.

My first One Faith even. Catholic is easily the strongest religion in the game since it got its DLCs.

I didn't try to One Culture, but there's no much time left in the game it could likely be done. One Culture is also really bad for you, as you lose access to all the overpowered culture-locked monuments.

Time for some retrospective on the vibe-coded Succession Wars mod, which I used together with traditionally developed Fun and Balance.

My intention was for succession events to be mostly negative, but they turned out to be overwhelmingly positive - here's vassal Vijayanagar, here's free inherit of Vijayanagar, here's PU over Bohemia, here's PU over France, here's vassal Japan etc. Now I mostly got those positive events at the point where I snowballed so much it didn't really matter, but the added challenge I expected just wasn't there.

In the original design, I had all such free PUs trigger succession wars, but I couldn't get it to work properly due to engine limitations. I wanted the CB to only allow the challenger to PU the junior, but EU4 engine insisted on making it possible to get PU over the senior as well, and that would just be broken. In the end, you could get PU without any downside, which was not the intention.

I also added so many disloyalty events from instant revolt to pile of liberty desire, that instant annexation seemed like a small reward for all that hassle. This didn't quite work in practice, as the overlord (as an independent country) had a lot bigger event pool, so the chance of rolling bad events wasn't actually that high; while instant annexation was being rolled in a much smaller pool.

In the end, events that worked best were instant wars, free cbs, and diplomatic reset.

The rest were either low impact (like all the rebels), or had balance issues (free PUs, free subjects, free annexations).

If I were to play it again, I'd change the following:

• make vassal event pool based on liberty desire - very low ld enables instant annexation, religion change etc.; high ld enables vassal revolt
• limit free vassal to very low dev
• maybe keep free PU event, but make anyone with free PU get instantly attacked by all their rivals challenging it, so there's serious price to pay for it
• a lot more cbs and a lot more instant wars

It's fine to keep some low impact events in the pool, so not every succession steals the show.

And it's sort of against making it equal for players and AI, but to keep things interesting, maybe player should have higher chance of getting high impact events (especially negative ones).

It was a fun game, and developing mods with clankers is more fun as it saves a lot of debug time, but you still need to do just as much playtesting.

Succession Wars: Part 14: 1663-1679: Roman Emperess and Hegemon Ana de Trastamara

Emperor Carlos abdicated on day of his coronation.

What happened was Cultural Conflict events. Every stated province with non-accepted culture gets +25% autonomy, 20 years of +10 unrest, but culture conversions are -50% cheaper for 20 years.

I don't actually need that -50% that much. The cap is -90%. I get -10% max innovativeness, -25% religious ideas, -25% Roman Empire reform, and I could take religious/influence policy for -15% more, netting me -75% already. Then adjacent culture would be -25% hitting the cap, or and I could use Senate debate for some extra bonus so even non-adjacent ones would hit it.

And I spammed reduce autonomy to get absolutism maxed out again. And are you even a true successor to Rome without some civil wars?

As Roman Empire I got access to special vassals that don't take diplo slot, and inherit on ruler death. Did Paradox implement the mod I vibe coded already? There's a few differences:

• pronoiars are DLC-locked, so you need to pay for them
• only some countries get them (so they can sell other special subjects in other DLCs)
• inheritance is deterministic on first succession, not random
• they are much more restricted (subject needs to be a monarchy under 100dev; under 15% ld to get free inherit)

Well, I could convert 7 of my 15 vassals to pronoiars, the rest I'll integrate by event or the hard way, they're all small so it's not much mana.

And it's really pointless, but since I got Cultural Conflict event, I spammed culture convertion in cheapest nonaccepted culture provinces. It's all going to be such bordergore once they all finish.

I got game event that Roman people of my country are upset because my ruler is Catalan. You just became "Romans" a few months ago!

I got another complication - I could no longer raise tercio infantry. I still had them unlocked, but they can only be recruited in overlord provinces with Iberian cultures, and they all went "Roman" overnight. I also can't build any more special heavy ships (Iberian culture only) and special light ships (Portuguese culture only). I can still build special galleys, as that's based on Venice monument.

It was time to conquer China, and I used two slightly more advanced strategies.

Ming collapsed long time ago, but still existed as an OPM - so I force vassalized them (you can also diplo vassal, or grab province of their primary culture and release, but OPM Ming is ideal). Then since I was allied with some Chinese successor states, I curried favors and asked them for core return. Now the reason this works far better than normal core result is that Ming has cores on all of China (unless they were forced to revoke them in a war), and because I'm so much bigger, I was getting 100 favors/year! Sadly this didn't work with Korea, and their vassal Chu with a lot of Ming cores. Apparently you can use core return on PU junior, but not on a vassal? Weird. In any case, Korea eventually annexed Chu, and then handed me over all Chu's provinces for free.

I did something similar with getting what was left of Tonkin and getting Annam to hand over their shared cores one by one.

And second is directly asking tributaries for their overlord's lands. Game wants to limit you to taking at most 100% province warscore cost of land, with 15 year truces in between. The classic solution to it is to follow up any such big war with small war against a tributary, which is white peaced to reset the truce timer to 5 years.

But you can do something a little more advanced, and just attack tributary OPM, bring in their overlord as non-cobeligerent, and ask tributary for their overlord's provinces. This costs double the warscore cost, and generates a lot more AE, but if there's a lot of tributaries, you can do this without any pauses whatsoever! This works with any one sided alliances. It works best with tributaries, but it also works for anyone who spams guarantees, or against HRE emperor (but AE cost is a bit much in the actual HRE).

This campaign is not terribly exciting at this point. I control 85% of the world, there's just 26 independent countries, and just 689 non-Catholic provinces (including uncolonized). WC and One Faith are pretty much a given. I'll get to mod conclusions after the world is fully Roman and fully Catholic.

Other than some islands, this is full extent of non-Roman.

Small Annam is hiding with purple color, but they keep handing over cores to my Tonkin.

Conversions lag behind conquests, but at current pace the world should be fully converted by 1725-ish.

Culture conversions are fairly pointless, but since I got event for it, I spammed convert button on all cheap provinces. Sadly my colonial nations all have old Iberian cultures, so there's zero chance of getting One Culture.

Advisor Cost Modding

Advisors in game are level 1-5. I wanted to extend them to level 1-10 to have some useful late game money sink, unfortunately game formula is silly, with base costs being quadratic: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100. Going up a level at first costs x4, then x2.25, but going lvl9 to lvl10 is just x1.24, quite trivial.

It would be far better to just have consistent x2 cost for every level, but base cost is hardcoded. The alternative is to use triggered modifiers like "if you have admin advisor level X, you get +Y% admin advisor cost increase". This unfortunately breaks all the advisor cost discounts you can have. If we made lvl10 advisors have base cost 1000, then -20% discount saves you 200 gold. If all we can do is base cost 100 with +900% penalty, then -20% discount only saves you 20 gold, or 2%.

We have one small feature we can use. Advisor costs increase over time multiplicatively. Half price advisors from events also cost multiplicatively. So if we double cost over time from +0.5%/year to +1%/year, and apply +50% cost penalty for every level above 5, then we get, 200 years into the game:

• vanilla formula: 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 72, 98, 128, 162, 200
• tweaked formula: 3, 12, 27, 48, 75, 135, 221, 336, 486, 675

This still makes advisor cost discounts a lot less effective, but it seems like decent middle ground.

At this point it doesn't matter, as my income is well over 10k/month without even trying too hard, but it could matter for future campaigns.

Succession Wars: Part 13: 1651-1663: Roman Emperor and Hegemon Carlos II de Trastamara

I found out that Norway has a monument for +1 missionary, so that was a priority war. Maybe I'll manage to squeeze that One Faith after all.

I hit 1m gold cap in 1657, and I had nothing to spend the money on. Monthly income over 7500, manpower maxed out, all great projects and buildings I could want built already. I rarely played so far into late game, so I didn't really run into this problem often before. This reminded me - I thought about increasing max advisor level from 5 to let's say 10 before. They already have quadratic costs, so it's good money sink without too many balance problems. Or at least it would be if late game economy was balanced. Oh well, it's worth testing this out.

Upgrading all advisors from level 5 to level 10 increased my advisor spending from 41 to 166. So it's a lot of mana, and not really much of a money sink. I'm not so sure about this change, I might revert it. Or maybe I could figure out how to make cost increase steeper. The base formula is hardcoded, but there could be some way with triggered modifiers.

Bengal decided to break alliance with me. Not due to any mod event, just good old -100 "wants your provinces". I wondered who else I could ally instead, but the world is really low on meaningful independent countries.

My ally Poland annoyingly started guaranteeing or allying whoever was left in Europe including Muscovy, so I really wanted to drag them into some war to distract them, but I couldn't find any opening. The only one was attacking Sweden/Norway, but Poland decided to fight for Norway's independence without me, losing me that opening.

Finally in 1663 I annexed France and for the first time ever restored the Roman Empire. I like purple, but Spanish gold color was also great on the map, nothing like that awful Aragon salmon. It converted all my main culture group to Roman, but only within my borders, not the colonial nations.

I needed to instantly assign 69 Senate seats, which would cost me about 200 absolutism. Fortunately it doesn't go into negatives, so I could drop it to 0, then harsh treatment and reduce autonomy spam, so I got it back to 47 before unpausing, and I'll get it back to 100 soon enough. The first Senate debate I did was for extra missionary, the dream of One Faith lives on.

And on the day of Roman restoration, 63 year old Carlos II decided to abdicate to his 20 year old daughter Ana, but that's the story for the next episode.

With Kilwa's last province conquered in Spain's last war, Africa is 100% conquered continent, second after Australia (always hidden by minimap that cannot be turned off).

What's left is Poland/Lithuania/Muscovy/Scandinavia area, the whole East Asia, and a lot of cleanup.

Annam has very similar color, but it's not mine yet. 

I really thought that my colonial nations would become Roman too, sadly they are now different culture group to me. I didn't bother with culture conversions, I just accept whatever monuments require and ignore tiny wrong culture penalty.

Succession Wars: Part 12: 1634-1651: Roman Emperor and Hegemon Carlos II de Trastamara of Spain and France

I tweaked succession events a bit - now mass was declarations can only happen if there's at least 2 countries that would declare, and some of the low impact events check that they have at least some impact. The mod needs a lot more changes, but I'm only doing ones that requires limited testing mid-game.

There's event for possibly auto-annexing a vassal, and it triggers more often than I wanted as vassals have very small event pool, but I really want to form the Roman Empire as soon as possible, and that requires owning 425 of 475 valid provinces directly, so I have to manually diploannex everyone there instead of waiting for lucky events. Getting France PU probably delayed Roman Empire formation, as PUs have 50 year timer to even start integration.

There was a fun chain of events in India. Persia and Delhi got involved in Shia-Sunni war, and Persia made Delhi release 5 minors, with Persia as their automatic guarantor. Of them Garha was released Catholic as I actually owned most of their cores and converted them already.

So now that Bundelkhand had two Christian neighbors, it rolled "all your Christian neighbors crusade you". And that dragged me into a war against Persia too.

Overall I'm just conquering in Europe to restore Roman Empire, but I won't be able to until I integrate France anyway. Unless I did some chain truce braking, but this is a chill campaign.

I have a way to deal with Poland - and that's releasing vassals, and making Poland return their cores. I already used that with Wallahia, Teutonic Order, Nitra, Wolgast, and now I force vassalized Denmark to feed them a lot of Polish clay.

Poland got event PU over Ferrara, and it looked like pretender rebels might be able to get independent, but I forgot that I allowed Poland military access, so they walked all the way to crush them. Oh well.

Just relentlessly expanding from Pacific Coast of North America through Europe, East Africa, India, Indonesia, and Philippines. OE needs to be kept near 100%. I think this is on good track to become a WC.

Once France is annexed, I can change color form Spanish gold to whatever is Roman Empire color. I think this is going to be my first.

Catholicism is doing very well, and WC is very likely, but I don't know if I can actually One Faith this.  Especially after I lost my 2 missionaries when Counter-Reformation expired. I'd probably need to start setting up Catholic subjects in East Asia. The math suggests it's doable, but it would have been a lot easier with those 2 extra missionaries.

Succession Wars: Part 11: 1624-1634: Roman Emperor and Hegemon Carlos I de Trastamara of Spain, France, and Bohemia

I went to war with 23 groups of North American heathens at once. Sadly due to all the bordergore I couldn't just annex most of North America in one go like I initially hoped to do. There's no rush, and my colonial nations clean up OPMs on their own.

The most notable thing here is that 3 regions have 2 CNs instead of 1 - Castile's and Portugal's. This means double the bonuses (notable +3 merchants), but it requires some microing.

Annoying new mechanic are native federations. They look like bordergore, and every federation has the same black color. Right now there's 3 federations, and it's impossible to tell which is which. Fortunately this problem will solve itself soon.

Sweden used our alliance for help getting PU over Norway.

Once I unlocked Town Halls, I could spam them everywhere, revoke gov cap privileges, and get 100% absolutism. All the hassle that was once necessary with Court and Country and so on, nobody's going to bother with it anymore unless going for some really weird build.

Now the Town Hall tech happened way earlier than it's supposed to, as Fun and Balance reduces ahead of time tech cost penalty from +10%/year to +1%/year. In AI test games I ran this actually seemed fine, and was balanced by much slower institution spread, achieving big tech gradient between Europe and Rest of the World. But for the player located in Europe, it's clearly too good, so I did some mid-campaign nerf to +2%/year.

I also wanted to buff Court Ideas -20% max absolutism from estates to -50%, but it's coded in very annoying way where every privilege in the game checks this separately, mixing it with two other sources of this effect, and I'd rather not change hundred different places for something so minor.

Succession Wars events need a lot more rebalancing, but it's a lot harder to get it right due to their random nature, so I'll do this after the campaign is over.

There were many wars, but it felt rather uneventful.

When Carlos I died, the following happened:

• Portugal area got a lot of unrest by event (vanilla; happened a few months before actual succession)
• France got 165k pretender rebels
• Bohemia (nearly annexed) got Inward Focus
• Spain - all Protestant/Reformed/Anglican/Hussite countries I bordered declared war on me (except ones with truces or allies or already at war)

That list was literally just Thuringia with 6k troops, recently freed from Saxony's rule (I had truce with Saxony).

As this really doesn't showcase the mod, but then which event would? Jihad war would just be Aceh, as I have truces with all other Muslim neighbors. Other than all vassal rebellion, all other events feel like I'm likely too big to even care anymore. I'm sort of tempted to console command myself a global vassal rebellion, but since my colonial nations and PUs would remain loyal, it wouldn't even be particularly difficult, just rather tedious. And in any case, console commanding events would mess with mod testing.

Counting by dev, World Conquest is about 55% done.

I feel like if I want to conquer the world, I should already be planning something for big blobs like Poland instead of keeping our alliance and helping them expand.

Against everyone else, -30% warscore cost against other religion (Malta Forts, Council of Trent, Court policy), -20% province warscore cost (when I finish diplomatic ideas), and 100% absolutism should be enough

Succession Wars: Part 10: 1599-1624: Roman Emperor and Hegemon Carlos I de Trastamara of Spain, France, and Bohemia

I was barely beginning my reign when the French decided to give me their throne. I allied a few countries I hoped to get like currently East Rome, Sweden, Bengal, and Annam, but so far 3 countries I got for free (Bohemia, France, Vijayanagar) were all by accident, and my many long term alliances with Austria (because it's HRE), Poland (because it's elective), and Pope (because it's Pope) are excluded from free subject events. So I'm not even close to really optimizing my way here.

I also inherited Vijayanagar by event. For the first 100 years felt like the mod barely makes any difference, and now it's overcompensating giving me free stuff all the time. I'll try to deal with mod balance at the end of the series.

The campaign reached the stage where AE is just a number. And for that matter so is money, as I struggle to find anything to build.

I just bought myself Bangkok from Ayutthaya with its 15% gov cap monument, because I had a ton of money, never enough gov cap, and I didn't want to open another front just yet.

There was a surprise opportunity to force vassalize the Pope, so I took it. That's also my 3rd HRE vassal elector, but getting vassal electors to vote for you is still a huge struggle, so I finally made a decision on take over or destroy.

HRE was rotting already, with 1 elector Ferrara under Polish PU, and 3 others - Teutonic Order, Cologne, and Papal States under my vassalage, so it was time to end it.

The war to destroy the Holy Roman Empire

Muscovy got entangled in this war through some alliance chain, so I broke Muscovy's alliance with East Rome's, and it was finally time to do a small detour and vassalize them as well.

The war was nastier than I expected. It was just 4 capitals to take - Gelre, Mainz, Wien, and Pest, but they changed hands multiple times. And level 6 forts started showing up. But in the end, there wasn't much Austria, Hungary, and assorted minors could do against me and Poland.

Now Rome and Constantinople are both held by my vassals, making me the true successor of the Roman Empire.

Absolutism started, and I'm not really sure how to get 100 max absolutism. Just mana and gov cap privileges really tank it, and court ideas -20% max absolutism loss from estate privileges is not meaningful enough. And I'd really rather not deal with Court and Country. I even rushed Nizwa monument for +10 absolutism, but I only got to 77 (80 if I got perfect legitimacy and religious unity, which is not easy while expanding). Harsh treatment discounts are stacked so high, that my absolutism is at max at all times.

I'll get remaining max absolutism eventually. Once I unlock Town Halls, I'll be able to drop gov cap privileges, and there are some government reforms that give absolutism.

I did a lot of expanding all over the world, trying to feed myself, my subjects, and my colonial nations.

To restore the Roman Empire you need to hold 425 of 475 provinces in its historical borders, and if I integrated my subjects I'd already be at 400, but by myself I'm still very far.

For world conquest progress, I'm at 49% of global dev (excluding uncolonized provinces), so maybe I could turn this "I'm going to play really chill" campaign into my first EU4 WC. Yes, mods make it easier (unintentionally), but if I wanted a "legit" WC I could roll back to 1.31.0 Leviathan, and it would be far easier than this.

Minor countries will be quickly swept away by diplomacy or force. HRE was just destroyed and two OPMs already got annexed (not by me), and three countries got vassalized (by me)

It's very satisfying to paint the map with unique Spanish gold color. I'd hate it if I still had Aragon salmon, just like Denmark, Poland, Hungary, and Milan.

Could this be a One Faith run too? Reformation got crushed early, all major colonizers were Catholic, Europe is mostly Catholic, and it's just Asia and North America that need a lot of converting. In most campaigns Protestant England and others would have pained half of North America blue by now, but we managed to avoid that.

I'm not sure if I can manage this, as I'm already pretty much maxed out on missionaries and missionary strength, and they're barely keeping up with my expansion. Soon I'll be expanding a lot faster.

Succession Wars: Part 09: 1584-1599: Empress and Hegemon Estrella I de Trastamara of Spain, Portugal, and Bohemia

By the time 20 years of Inward Focus expired, my income increased from 510 to 1050, and there weren't any buildings left to spam. Eventually I'd need to spam Town Halls but that was many techs away. Many monuments needed upgrading as well, but it takes 70 years total to max them out, and Inward Focus doesn't give discount to throwing extra money or manpower to make it faster. So it was great twice, but something else next please.

For my 5th idea I decided to do something new. The first four picks were fairly standard - administrative, influence, religious, and expansion - as they are just crazy strong. But for 5th I went with court ideas.

It provides:

• monarch diplomatic skill +1 - more mana is always good
• +20% reform progress growth
• +1 diplomatic reputation - very relevant in vassal spam game, not so much unmodded
• estate privileges have 20% less impact on maximum absolutism - that's about +15-ish max absolutism
• Administrative/Court policy - 5% coring cost reduction
• Religious/Court policy - 5% province warscore cost against other religions

As well as minor bonuses like +10% estate loyalty, +2 monthly splendor, +1 yearly prestige, +0.5 yearly legitimacy (or some other government power).

This isn't mind blowing, but the other two new groups (infrastructure and mercenary) looks like total garbage, and this one seems OKish. I'd probably be better off with Espionage, Diplomatic, or even Trade or late Exploration for just one extra colonist. They could really bump that max absolutism bonus, estate priviledges are just not worth absolutism cost late game (other than mana) so you end up not using estates much. Having an idea group that lets you continue playing with estates to the end wouldn't break anything.

I finally ran out of countries I wanted to diplovassalize, so I clicked economic hegemony button in 1591, with 1100 monthly income. It will be hard to diplovassalize anyone with that -50 relations penalty from being a hegemon on top of wrong religion on everything else.

I mostly expanded outside Europe. Brunei's succession event made me declare a holy war on them, and I had no troops or ships there, it was just some faraway colony. I started building a new fleet but before it finished, I managed to white peace them.

In Europe, I continued my policy of breaking down any powers, so I broke Hungary's PU over Milan. One my of allies Poland dragged me into a war against my other major ally Austria. Well, it's time to unalign myself from Austria anyway, at some point I want to either take over or destroy the HRE.

I don't know why AI is so eager to call the player into a war that would break an alliance.

Then again, war alliances abuse is core EU4 mechanic

I got most unexpected event, Vijayanagar sought protection from a stronger ally, and they became my instant vassal. They were not happy that I asked them to go Catholic right away, but I sent them enough money, prestige, and dev clicks that they got over it quickly. It's nice to just instantly get second biggest country in the world by event. Event conditions are: non-Christian country, with no subjects, with ally that's at least 4x bigger by dev (non-Christian because Christians get PUs instead), and it mostly triggers on OPM, but instead it trigger on a great power.

I wasn't even planning anything with Vijayanagar. I once got Diet mission from Burghers to get a province in India, and I had no colonial range to do anything else than buy one from Vijayanagar, and allying them drastically reduced the price. Then I kept them as allies, as various Middle Eastern countries I was fighting were allying Indian Muslims, so Vijayanagar could distract them long enough for white peace. Meanwhile Vijayanagar kept sending me money to buy institutions. Overall, good deal for both of us.

Empress Estrella I was already 70 years old, so it was good time to abdicate.

This was a wild succession, and the wildest part was that it wasn't evens part of my mod!

• Portugal got instantly inherited - this is vanilla's doing!
• my new emperor was Protestant (not the country), and Bohemia became Protestant! I pressed buttons to flip back to Catholic, and to enforce religion on Bohemia. The mod event they got was just Inward Focus.
• I got 5 stacks of religious rebels all over the world - Reformed in Britain, Sunni and Coptic in Africa, Inti in South America, Alcheringa in Australia

The rebels aren't particularly hard, it's just 117k of them, but that geographic distribution is a huge pain. Well, that, and being over gov cap again, is now a problem for Emperor Carlos I.

I think the reason emperor was Protestant was that I royal married some Protestant OPM to diplovassalize them, so Estrella's husband was Protestant, and maybe heirs get their religion after father, even if mother is the ruler? Somehow I don't think it ever happened to me before.

Beautiful yellow empire, now that yellow Vijayanagar also joined it

The only small trick is that yellow Scotland is independent, but not for much longer.